Contradictory Vision – Romulo Gois de Aragão’s (UFS) review of “2041 – How Artificial Intelligence will change his life in the coming decades”, by Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan
Abstract: 2041 – Como a Inteligência Artificial vai Mudar sua Vida nas Próximas Décadas, by Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan, optimically discusses the impact of IAS on society. The work, divided into futuristic tales, explores advances such as deep learning, computational vision and neural networks. Despite promising humanitarian advances, the book does not have clear models for these goals, raising questions about structural unemployment and digital privacy.
In the book 2041 – Como a Inteligência Artificial vai Mudar sua Vida nas Próximas Décadas, written by Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan, aims to optimistly defense the advance of AI’s (artificial intelligences) in global society. The book was published in 2022 by the publisher Globo Books.
Kai-Fu Lee is CEO of Sinoval Ventures, one of the global leaders in the technology investment market and is engaged in the development of the next generation of Chinese companies in the field of innovation. In addition to Google China, he was an executive of Microsoft and Apple. From him, Globo Books published artificial intelligence. Chen Qiufan is award -winning author, translator, producer of artistic projects and healer. He is the founder of Thema Mundi, a content production studio. The book is structured in two introductions, plus ten chapters in the form of futuristic tales, thanks, indices and notes, distributed on 460 pages.
In the first chapter, the authors present the basic concept of AI (Artificial Intelligence): Deep learning. This concept is permeated by ambiguities, as it can be used so much for personalized individual solutions that generate socioeconomic well-being, as well as generate and perpetuate social prejudices. Deep learning has been inspired by the human neural network and is structured by mathematical logic.
In the second chapter, the authors present three new developments in the deep learning of AI: computational vision, convolutionary neural networks, and generative adversary networks (Gans). Such possibilities are inspired by how humans perceive, structure and test new information, respectively. These initiatives bring concerns about AI’s Deepfakes, Biometrics and Safety.
In the third chapter, the authors present the possibilities of PLN (natural language processing) in the various man-machine relations. In this tale, the focus is the individual development of the intellect in a personalized way through the intervention of AI with PLN, something that would only enhance the current “performance society”, criticized by Byung-Chul Han (2017).
In the fourth and fifth chapters, the authors reflect on the use of AI -linked robotic and CRISPR technologies (genetic edition), necessary to improve people’s quality of life. They also explore the VR (virtual reality), air (augmented reality) and MR (mixed reality) as components of the XR vision (extended reality), which simulates environments, characters and situations quite real way in man-machine contact.
In the sixth chapter, the authors confirm the automation of the traffic system in cities called intelligent. The main piece of this technological advance is the VA (autonomous vehicles) that, upon reaching the maximum level 5 in automation, will be able to drive without human aid. To this end, it is elementary to deploy 5G and 6G internet networks.
In the seventh chapter, the authors deal with the main advance of AIs: quantum computing. For them: “Technology is inherently neutral – they are the people who use it for both good and bad purposes” (p. 309). But if the goal for the development of AI is that it reaches the AgE (General Artificial Intelligence) – (RAHMAN, 2022), this neutral barrier had fallen over the ground.
In the eighth chapter, the authors dialogue on the increase of structural unemployment in the face of the evolution of AIs and the possible solutions to such a social phenomenon. RBU (Universal Basic Income) is one of the solutions proposed by the authors. The “Payment (RBU) can be given with the taxation of Ultra -Rental Individuals and/or Legal” (p. 355). However, the question that remains is this: the ultraricos that finance research aimed at the automation of production, aiming at absolute profit, even if this implies the amputation of the third leg (consumption) in capitalism, will even want to bear this expense, or Will they do what they already do and play the problem in the state account?
In the penultimate and last chapters, the authors discuss the possibility that AI’s to enhance human happiness, extinguish poverty and hunger, and implement changes in monetary transactions.
The book, as is notorious, presents a framework of information about the advance of AI’s, which it is understanding of these technologies and their possible developments in the man-machine relationship. However, it is not exempt from contradictions. The author Lee does not announce the ways for one of his high expectations in the introduction: “each human’s productivity will be amplified, allowing us to achieve our potential” (p. 11). The authors assume the eradication of hunger as a defense shield for the advancement of new technologies: “Robotics will reduce the cost of agriculture over time, offering the promise of reducing food insecurity around the world” (p. 176). As in the green revolution, once again the promise of reduction or elimination of food insecurity in the world is renewed from AI as a way of accepting the unacceptable.
In the book, there is also the “innocent” bet that AI -generated wealth will reduce global poverty: “First, AI will create great wealth – Pricewaterhousecoopers estimates $ 15.7 trillion by 2030 – the which will help reduce hunger and poverty ”(p.10). Already in 2022, global wealth reached the immense value of $ 463.6 trillion and yet there are 828 million people hungry, according to UNICEF/UN.
This bet is consistent with vision Rousseaunian of good humans, announced in the following sentences: “First, companies that use AI should make public where AI systems are used and with what purpose” (p.48) and “I am confident that that There will be technological and political solutions that deal with the challenges of AI and its influence, prejudice or foggy operations ”(p.49). Also note the following idea: “Just as we overcome spams and viruses with technological innovations, AI safety will be reached only a few occasional violations (just as we are still attacked by spam or virus)” (p.81 ). With this proposition, the authors minimize the fact that the objective power resulting from the convenience between Big Techs and authoritarian governments such as the US do not see the limits on invading the private lives of billions of anonymous and/or public persons from digital espionage. “CRISPR is an innovative technology for genetic editing, something that has the potential to eradicate many diseases in the future” (p. 167). But it also has great potential to create superior races, as stressed by Israeli historian Yuval Harari (2014):
At the beginning of the third millennium, the future of evolutionary humanism is unclear. For 60 years after the end of the war against Hitler, it was a taboo to associate humanism with evolution and defend the use of biological methods to “improve” Homo sapiens. But today such projects are in vogue again. No one talks about exterminating races or lower people, but many consider using our increasing knowledge of human biology to create superhumans (HARARI, 2020, p.244–245).
Notwithstanding the controversial ideas, the work has some positive attributes in presenting significant possibilities for human development regarding a personalized education for each student: “A personalized AI tutor could be provided to each student. […] What made learning more fun. […] to dedicate more to areas in which he was weaker. […]. Also, Autman was always available and could be called at any time – something no teacher can do. ” (p. 133); For genetic use for the purpose of eradicating health problems: “CRISPR is an innovative technology for genetic editing, something that has the potential to eradicate many diseases in the future” (p.167), as it was noticeable in the news at the end of 2018 When Chinese geneticist, he Jiankui, changed the genetic code of two twins from the aforementioned technique for the purpose of making them immune to HIV.
In addition, the authors propose the regulation of networks: “One possibility is to have government regulations that penalize the culprits” (p.47). They also propose the control of private data, citing a European law: “RGPD (General Regulation on Data Protection) – which the EU calls“ the most rigorous security and privacy law in the world ”. (p. 400).
The book does not comply with what it promises in its two introductions by referring to the advancement of AIs as a very positive process, which will enable maximum human individual development, the elimination of hunger and global poverty, the enhancement of human happiness and manner, human, happiness and idleness, For the authors do not present logical models for these achievements to be effective until 2041. The work is full of contradictions, as at the same time it presents promises of prosperity and happiness, also brings numbers that claim that at least “40% of our jobs could be performed for the most part by an AI and automation technologies by 2033 ”(p. 353). The book is suitable for all audiences who deal with world issues related to human survival and technological innovation.
References
HARARI, Yuval Noah. Sapiens – uma breve história da humanidade. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2015.
Summary of 2041 – Como a inteligência artificial vai mudar sua vida nas próximas décadas
Introdução – A verdadeira história da IA | Kai-Fu Lee
Introdução – Como podemos aprender a parar de nos preocupar e abraçar o futuro com imaginação
| Chen Qiufan
1. O elefante dourado
Análise: Aprendizado profundo, big data, aplicativos de internet/finanças, externalidades de IA
2. Os deuses por trás das máscaras
Análise: Visão computacional, redes neurais convolucionais, deepfakes, redes adversárias generativas (GANs), biometria, segurança de IA
3. Dois pardais
Análise: Processamento de linguagem natural, treinamento autossupervisionado, GPT-3, AGI e consciência, educação com IA
4. Amor sem contato
Análise: IA de saúde, AlphaFold, usos de robótica, aceleração da automação pela covid
5. Meu ídolo assombrado
Análise: Realidade virtual (VR), realidade aumentada (AR) e realidade mista (MR), interface cérebro-computador (BCI), questões éticas e sociais
6. O motorista abençoado
Análise: Veículos autônomos, autonomia completa e cidades inteligentes, questões éticas e sociais
7. Genocídio quântico
Análise: Computação quântica, segurança de bitcoin, armas autônomas e ameaça à existência
8. O salvador de empregos
Análise: Substituição de postos de trabalho por IA, renda básica universal (RBU), o que a IA não consegue fazer, os 3Rs como uma solução para as
substituições
9. A ilha da felicidade
Análise: IA e felicidade, Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados (RGPD), dados pessoais, privacidade em computação com uso de aprendizado federado e ambiente de execução confiável (TEE)
10. Sonhando com a plenitude
Análise: Plenitude, novos modelos econômicos, o futuro do dinheiro, singularidade
LEE, Kai-Fu.; QIUFAN, Chen. 2041 – Como a inteligência artificial vai mudar sua vida nas próximas décadas. Rio de Janeiro: Globo Livros, 2022. 460p. Review by: ARAGÃO, Rômulo Gois de. Contradictory view. Crítica Historiográfica. Natal, v.3, n.13, Sep/Oct, 2023. Available at <Contradictory Vision – Romulo Gois de Aragão’s (UFS) review of “2041 – How Artificial Intelligence will change his life in the coming decades” by Kai -Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan – Crítica Historiografica (criticahistoriografica.com.br)>.
Contradictory Vision – Romulo Gois de Aragão’s (UFS) review of “2041 – How Artificial Intelligence will change his life in the coming decades”, by Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan
Abstract: 2041 – Como a Inteligência Artificial vai Mudar sua Vida nas Próximas Décadas, by Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan, optimically discusses the impact of IAS on society. The work, divided into futuristic tales, explores advances such as deep learning, computational vision and neural networks. Despite promising humanitarian advances, the book does not have clear models for these goals, raising questions about structural unemployment and digital privacy.
In the book 2041 – Como a Inteligência Artificial vai Mudar sua Vida nas Próximas Décadas, written by Kai-Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan, aims to optimistly defense the advance of AI’s (artificial intelligences) in global society. The book was published in 2022 by the publisher Globo Books.
Kai-Fu Lee is CEO of Sinoval Ventures, one of the global leaders in the technology investment market and is engaged in the development of the next generation of Chinese companies in the field of innovation. In addition to Google China, he was an executive of Microsoft and Apple. From him, Globo Books published artificial intelligence. Chen Qiufan is award -winning author, translator, producer of artistic projects and healer. He is the founder of Thema Mundi, a content production studio. The book is structured in two introductions, plus ten chapters in the form of futuristic tales, thanks, indices and notes, distributed on 460 pages.
In the first chapter, the authors present the basic concept of AI (Artificial Intelligence): Deep learning. This concept is permeated by ambiguities, as it can be used so much for personalized individual solutions that generate socioeconomic well-being, as well as generate and perpetuate social prejudices. Deep learning has been inspired by the human neural network and is structured by mathematical logic.
In the second chapter, the authors present three new developments in the deep learning of AI: computational vision, convolutionary neural networks, and generative adversary networks (Gans). Such possibilities are inspired by how humans perceive, structure and test new information, respectively. These initiatives bring concerns about AI’s Deepfakes, Biometrics and Safety.
In the third chapter, the authors present the possibilities of PLN (natural language processing) in the various man-machine relations. In this tale, the focus is the individual development of the intellect in a personalized way through the intervention of AI with PLN, something that would only enhance the current “performance society”, criticized by Byung-Chul Han (2017).
In the fourth and fifth chapters, the authors reflect on the use of AI -linked robotic and CRISPR technologies (genetic edition), necessary to improve people’s quality of life. They also explore the VR (virtual reality), air (augmented reality) and MR (mixed reality) as components of the XR vision (extended reality), which simulates environments, characters and situations quite real way in man-machine contact.
In the sixth chapter, the authors confirm the automation of the traffic system in cities called intelligent. The main piece of this technological advance is the VA (autonomous vehicles) that, upon reaching the maximum level 5 in automation, will be able to drive without human aid. To this end, it is elementary to deploy 5G and 6G internet networks.
In the seventh chapter, the authors deal with the main advance of AIs: quantum computing. For them: “Technology is inherently neutral – they are the people who use it for both good and bad purposes” (p. 309). But if the goal for the development of AI is that it reaches the AgE (General Artificial Intelligence) – (RAHMAN, 2022), this neutral barrier had fallen over the ground.
In the eighth chapter, the authors dialogue on the increase of structural unemployment in the face of the evolution of AIs and the possible solutions to such a social phenomenon. RBU (Universal Basic Income) is one of the solutions proposed by the authors. The “Payment (RBU) can be given with the taxation of Ultra -Rental Individuals and/or Legal” (p. 355). However, the question that remains is this: the ultraricos that finance research aimed at the automation of production, aiming at absolute profit, even if this implies the amputation of the third leg (consumption) in capitalism, will even want to bear this expense, or Will they do what they already do and play the problem in the state account?
In the penultimate and last chapters, the authors discuss the possibility that AI’s to enhance human happiness, extinguish poverty and hunger, and implement changes in monetary transactions.
The book, as is notorious, presents a framework of information about the advance of AI’s, which it is understanding of these technologies and their possible developments in the man-machine relationship. However, it is not exempt from contradictions. The author Lee does not announce the ways for one of his high expectations in the introduction: “each human’s productivity will be amplified, allowing us to achieve our potential” (p. 11). The authors assume the eradication of hunger as a defense shield for the advancement of new technologies: “Robotics will reduce the cost of agriculture over time, offering the promise of reducing food insecurity around the world” (p. 176). As in the green revolution, once again the promise of reduction or elimination of food insecurity in the world is renewed from AI as a way of accepting the unacceptable.
In the book, there is also the “innocent” bet that AI -generated wealth will reduce global poverty: “First, AI will create great wealth – Pricewaterhousecoopers estimates $ 15.7 trillion by 2030 – the which will help reduce hunger and poverty ”(p.10). Already in 2022, global wealth reached the immense value of $ 463.6 trillion and yet there are 828 million people hungry, according to UNICEF/UN.
This bet is consistent with vision Rousseaunian of good humans, announced in the following sentences: “First, companies that use AI should make public where AI systems are used and with what purpose” (p.48) and “I am confident that that There will be technological and political solutions that deal with the challenges of AI and its influence, prejudice or foggy operations ”(p.49). Also note the following idea: “Just as we overcome spams and viruses with technological innovations, AI safety will be reached only a few occasional violations (just as we are still attacked by spam or virus)” (p.81 ). With this proposition, the authors minimize the fact that the objective power resulting from the convenience between Big Techs and authoritarian governments such as the US do not see the limits on invading the private lives of billions of anonymous and/or public persons from digital espionage. “CRISPR is an innovative technology for genetic editing, something that has the potential to eradicate many diseases in the future” (p. 167). But it also has great potential to create superior races, as stressed by Israeli historian Yuval Harari (2014):
At the beginning of the third millennium, the future of evolutionary humanism is unclear. For 60 years after the end of the war against Hitler, it was a taboo to associate humanism with evolution and defend the use of biological methods to “improve” Homo sapiens. But today such projects are in vogue again. No one talks about exterminating races or lower people, but many consider using our increasing knowledge of human biology to create superhumans (HARARI, 2020, p.244–245).
Notwithstanding the controversial ideas, the work has some positive attributes in presenting significant possibilities for human development regarding a personalized education for each student: “A personalized AI tutor could be provided to each student. […] What made learning more fun. […] to dedicate more to areas in which he was weaker. […]. Also, Autman was always available and could be called at any time – something no teacher can do. ” (p. 133); For genetic use for the purpose of eradicating health problems: “CRISPR is an innovative technology for genetic editing, something that has the potential to eradicate many diseases in the future” (p.167), as it was noticeable in the news at the end of 2018 When Chinese geneticist, he Jiankui, changed the genetic code of two twins from the aforementioned technique for the purpose of making them immune to HIV.
In addition, the authors propose the regulation of networks: “One possibility is to have government regulations that penalize the culprits” (p.47). They also propose the control of private data, citing a European law: “RGPD (General Regulation on Data Protection) – which the EU calls“ the most rigorous security and privacy law in the world ”. (p. 400).
The book does not comply with what it promises in its two introductions by referring to the advancement of AIs as a very positive process, which will enable maximum human individual development, the elimination of hunger and global poverty, the enhancement of human happiness and manner, human, happiness and idleness, For the authors do not present logical models for these achievements to be effective until 2041. The work is full of contradictions, as at the same time it presents promises of prosperity and happiness, also brings numbers that claim that at least “40% of our jobs could be performed for the most part by an AI and automation technologies by 2033 ”(p. 353). The book is suitable for all audiences who deal with world issues related to human survival and technological innovation.
References
HARARI, Yuval Noah. Sapiens – uma breve história da humanidade. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2015.
Summary of 2041 – Como a inteligência artificial vai mudar sua vida nas próximas décadas
Introdução – A verdadeira história da IA | Kai-Fu Lee
Introdução – Como podemos aprender a parar de nos preocupar e abraçar o futuro com imaginação
| Chen Qiufan
1. O elefante dourado
Análise: Aprendizado profundo, big data, aplicativos de internet/finanças, externalidades de IA
2. Os deuses por trás das máscaras
Análise: Visão computacional, redes neurais convolucionais, deepfakes, redes adversárias generativas (GANs), biometria, segurança de IA
3. Dois pardais
Análise: Processamento de linguagem natural, treinamento autossupervisionado, GPT-3, AGI e consciência, educação com IA
4. Amor sem contato
Análise: IA de saúde, AlphaFold, usos de robótica, aceleração da automação pela covid
5. Meu ídolo assombrado
Análise: Realidade virtual (VR), realidade aumentada (AR) e realidade mista (MR), interface cérebro-computador (BCI), questões éticas e sociais
6. O motorista abençoado
Análise: Veículos autônomos, autonomia completa e cidades inteligentes, questões éticas e sociais
7. Genocídio quântico
Análise: Computação quântica, segurança de bitcoin, armas autônomas e ameaça à existência
8. O salvador de empregos
Análise: Substituição de postos de trabalho por IA, renda básica universal (RBU), o que a IA não consegue fazer, os 3Rs como uma solução para as
substituições
9. A ilha da felicidade
Análise: IA e felicidade, Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados (RGPD), dados pessoais, privacidade em computação com uso de aprendizado federado e ambiente de execução confiável (TEE)
10. Sonhando com a plenitude
Análise: Plenitude, novos modelos econômicos, o futuro do dinheiro, singularidade
LEE, Kai-Fu.; QIUFAN, Chen. 2041 – Como a inteligência artificial vai mudar sua vida nas próximas décadas. Rio de Janeiro: Globo Livros, 2022. 460p. Review by: ARAGÃO, Rômulo Gois de. Contradictory view. Crítica Historiográfica. Natal, v.3, n.13, Sep/Oct, 2023. Available at <Contradictory Vision – Romulo Gois de Aragão’s (UFS) review of “2041 – How Artificial Intelligence will change his life in the coming decades” by Kai -Fu Lee and Chen Qiufan – Crítica Historiografica (criticahistoriografica.com.br)>.
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Rômulo Gois de Aragão is a professor of history at the Bahia State Education Network and Master’s degree in the Graduate Program in History Teaching at Universidade Federal de Sergipe (PROFHISTÓRIA/UFS). ID LATTES: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7763334859951925; ID ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0039-1940; E-mail: romulogeolife@gmail.com.
